广州夏季办公室内细颗粒中多环芳烃污染特征研究

大部分的都市办公人群每天在办公室至少度过8 h。而室外环境的渗透、办公室内吸烟、办公设备使用和中央通风系统均可能导致细颗粒物及多环芳烃(PAHs)在室内积聚而造成微环境污染。2015年5—6月,在广州市3种不同功能区(商住区、高新产业区、工业区)共选取了14间不同类型的办公室,对其室内外PM_(2.5)和多环芳烃进行同步监测。结果表明,(1)14间中有12间办公室内的PM_(2.5)浓度水平高于世界卫生组织(WHO)的推荐值25μg·m-3;(2)与国内外类似研究相比,办公室内外∑16PAHs及Ba P-eq的监测浓度水平均较低,并呈现一致规律:文印>室外>吸烟>多人>单人>无窗(无人),其中Ba P-eq低于欧盟规定的安全限值1 ng·m-3;(3)文印工作和吸烟行为与室内PM_(2.5)和PAHs浓度升高有密切关系,分别对5环和4环PAHs贡献明显;(4)其他无明显内源的办公室的细颗粒中PAHs污染在监测期间主要来源于室外贡献。     

Effects of taxonomy,sediment, and water column on C:N:P stoichiometry of submerged macrophytes in Yangtze floodplain shallow lakes,China

Carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are the three most important essential elements limiting growth of primary producers. Submerged macrophytes generally absorb nutrients from sediments by root uptake. However, the C:N:P stoichiometric signatures of plant tissue are affected by many additional factors such as taxonomy, nutrient availability, and light availability. We first revealed the relative importance of taxonomy, sediment, and water column on plant C:N:P stoichiometry using variance partitioning based on partial redundancy analyses. Results showed that taxonomy was the most important factor in determining C:N:P stoichiometry, then the water column and finally the sediment. In this study, a significant positive relationship was found between community C concentration and macrophyte community biomass, indicating that the local low C availability in macrophytes probably was the main reason why submerged macrophytes declined in Yangtze floodplain shallow lakes. Based on our study, it is suggested that submerged macrophytes in Yangtze floodplain shallow lakes are primarily limited by low light levels rather than nutrient availability.

     

贫营养异养硝化细菌的分离鉴定及硝化性能研究

从水库底泥中分离出1株贫营养异养硝化细菌,命名为菌株Y11。经菌株生理特性研究和16SrDNA测序,鉴定出菌株Y11属于假单胞菌属细菌(Pseudomonas sp.)。考察了温度、pH及C/N对菌株Y11的硝化性能影响,结果表明,菌株Y11进行硝化作用的最适温度为30℃,最适pH为中性,最适C/N为6.0,在该条件下进行4d的硝化反应,菌株Y11对氨氮去除率可达91.42%。     

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers and their methoxylated metabolites in anchovy (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Coilia</Emphasis> sp.) from the Yangtze River Delta,China

Background, aim, and scope  

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and their metabolites are toxic to animals, and concentrations of the PBDEs metabolites can exceed those of the parent materials. But no information was available on concentrations of PBDEs metabolites in the lower Yangtze River in the region around Jiangsu Province of China, which is heavily urbanized and industrialized area. The aims of this study were to determine whether PBDEs and their methoxylated PBDEs (MeO-PBDEs) were accumulated in Coilia sp. in this area and to investigate the potential sources for these two kinds of brominated organic pollutants.     

上覆水营养盐浓度对底泥氮磷释放的影响

采用校园水体底泥进行上覆水营养盐浓度对底泥释放量之间的关系研究。结果表明,在本实验条件下,上覆水水质影响底泥氮、磷的释放,尤其显著影响氮、磷的初期释放;上覆水氮、磷的浓度越小,底泥氮、磷的释放量越大;上覆水氮、磷的浓度超过一定值,会抑制底泥氮、磷的释放。     

Characteristics of CO2 release from forest soil in the mountains near Beijing

CO₂ release from forest soil is a key driver of carbon cycling between the soil and atmosphere ecosystem. The rate of CO₂ released from soil was measured in three forest stands (in the mountainous region near Beijing, China) by the alkaline absorption method from 2004 to 2006. The rate of CO₂ released did not differ among the three stands. The CO₂ release rate ranged from ??341 to 1,193 mg m^???2 h^???1, and the mean value over all three forests and sampling times was 286 mg m^???2 h^???1. CO₂ release was positively correlated with soil water content and the soil temperature. Diurnally, CO₂ release was higher in the day than at night. Seasonally, CO₂ release was highest in early autumn and lowest in winter; in winter, negative values of CO₂ release suggested that CO₂ was absorbed by soil.     

基于AHP-模糊综合评价法的规划环境影响评价有效性研究

文章从评价主体、评价对象、介入时间、评价内容、公众参与、技术方法、政策制度等方面构建了包括"评价人员素质、早期介入、指标体系、评价标准、公众参与方式、工作程序完整性、法律法规、替代方案"等19项评价指标,提出了AHP-模糊综合评价法对规划环境影响评价有效性进行综合评价的方法,并以南阳石化专业园区规划环境影响评价为实证案例进行了定量分析.     

广西"十三五"环境保护和生态建设规划指标体系研究

生态环境保护目标指标是环境保护和生态建设规划中的核心内容,制定科学合理的规划指标体系,能够确保规划各项重点任务顺利实施.通过回顾分析"十一五"、"十二五"环境保护和生态建设规划指标体系,结合广西环境现状和发展趋势,在与国家和广西同期规划、计划、方案等衔接基础上,研究提出广西"十三五"环境保护和生态建设规划指标体系,设置了环境质量改善、总量控制、污染治理、风险防范、生态保护和生态公共服务等6个方面共29个指标,以期更好地指导"十三五"环境保护和生态建设工作.     

铁碳微电解技术应用与研究

铁碳微电解作为一种"以废治废"的高效废水预处理技术受到人们的广泛关注,近几十年来广泛应用于废水处理工程实践中.为了进一步提高铁碳微电解技术的处理效果,很有必要对铁碳微电解技术的反应机理深入了解,对影响铁碳微电解处理效果的各种因素进行探讨,并剖析近年来铁碳微电解技术在废水预处理应用方面的研究成果,总结该技术存在的问题并探究相应的改进技术,最后对该技术未来研究方向和发展趋势进行了展望.